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martes, 10 de octubre de 2017

Tinkunaco 2.114/17 - Re: CIDH - ¡Qué hay de nuevo!




¡Qué hay de nuevo!
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Boletín No. 236, Año 10, 2017
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A obrigação universal de desarmamento nuclear
Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade
2017

   

Resumo: Em 2016, a Corte Internacional Justiça rejeitou, por oito votos a oito (e voto de minerva do presidente), as demandas das Ilhas Marshall contra as potências nucleares sobre o tema de desarmamento nuclear. Então, o juiz brasileiro apresentou voto dissidente, na qual sustentou que a CIJ tem jurisdição sobre a matéria e deveria ter procedido ao exame do seu mérito. Assinalou que há hoje uma opinio juris communis formada a respeito da ilegalidade das armas nucleares, como se pode depreender das séries de resoluções da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas, a que se agregam soluções do Conselho de Segurança e pronunciamentos do Secretário-Geral. Além disso, recordou que a Carta das Nações Unidas é atenta aos povos e assim tem sido no ciclo recente de Conferências Mundiais das Nações Unidas. Defendeu, enfim, tratar-se de tema que afeta a humanidade como um todo e a razão de humanidade prevalece sobre a razão de Estado.

The universal obligation of nuclear disarmament
Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade
2017


Abstract: In October 2016, the International Court of Justice rejected by 8 votes (with the casting vote of its president), the lawsuits by the Marshall Islands against nuclear powers in the Nuclear Arms case. The Brazilian judge at the ICJ, A.A. Cançado Trindade, presented a forceful Dissenting Vote, in which he argued that the ICJ does have jurisdiction over the matter, and should have proceeded at the examination of the case merit. He observed that today there is a clearly formed opinio juris communis regarding the illegality of the nuclear weapons, as can be seen from a series of numerous resolutions from the United Nations General Assembly, which are added to resolutions of the Security Council and declarations of the Secretary-General. The charter of the United Nations itself is attentive to the peoples, and thus it has been in the latest cycles of the United Nations World Conferences, as well as in other recent conferences about the nuclear weapons effects. The strategy of deterrence is unfoundedness. The greatest concern is the primacy of the general principles of law and the superior common values shared by the international community. This theme affects humankind as a whole, and the raison dʼ humanité prevails over the raison dʼ Etat.


The construction of a humanized international law: A collection of individual opinions (2013-2016)
Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade
2017

 
   

Abstract: The current volume supplements volume 1 and 2 of The Construction of a Humanized International Law, which contains a selection of the Individual Opinions of Judge Antônio A. Cançado Trindade (1991-2013), former Judge and President of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and since 2008 a Judge of the International Court of Justice. Volume 3 brings these texts up to date till 2015. Many dwell on aspects of the increased humanization of international law. Elevating this body of norms, which have traditionally focused on purely inter-State relations, to a level where individuals and their suffering (projected in time) become a primary concern, is without doubt Antônio A. Cançado Trindade´s major doctrinal contribution. His great achievement at the International Court of Justice has been to draw attention to this dimension, and to further its development in the international case-law, in the light of the universal juridical conscience and stressing the relevance of general principles of international law. In a significant number of cases the World Court acts today as a human rights court, dealing increasingly, albeit under the traditional umbrella of inter-State disputes, with situations that involve human suffering and lead it to find human rights violations.

The contribution of Latin American legal doctrine to the progressive development of international law
Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade
2016

 

Abstract: Next line of considerations will cover the Latin American contributions in distinct domains of international law, namely: The law of international organizations, recognition of Governments, diplomatic asylum, consular assistance, peaceful settlement of international dispute, and disarmament (nuclear-weapon-free zones). I shall then turn to the Latin American contribution to the corpus juris of the International Law of Human Rights, as well as of International Refugge Law. Next, I shall examine the Latin American contribution to the primacy of Law over force (also as an imperative of jus cogens). The way will then be paved for the presentation of my concluding observations on the theme of this special lecture.

The reparative effects of human rights trials lessons from Argentina
Rosario Figari Layús
2018

 
   

Abstract: Justice in domestic courts is one of the most prominent aims of victims seeking to obtain accountability for human rights violations. It is, however, also one of the most difficult to achieve. In many Latin American countries, as well as elsewhere, activists have put human rights prosecutions forward as a fundamental means to end impunity, build democracy, strengthen the rule of law and address victims’ rights. But there is still little knowledge about what actually happens when these judicial mechanisms are effectively put to work. Can prosecutions of mass human rights violations contribute to overcome the effects of state violence and impunity? Can trials enable meaningful reparative changes for victims in their local contexts? Analysing the human rights trials in Argentina established to prosecute those responsible for human rights violations during the military dictatorship, this book addresses how and why domestic prosecutions can operate as a means for reparation and contribute to dealing with the damage caused by crimes against humanity. Based on a series of interviews conducted with victims participating in these prosecutions, as well as with lawyers, prosecutors, judges and other relevant actors in five provinces of Argentina, this book will be of considerable interest to those studying and working in the interdisciplinary field of transitional justice and human rights. The PhD thesis on which this book was based was awarded with the 2016 Doctoral Studies Award of the Philipps University of Marburg in Germany.

Los juicios por sus protagonistas: Doce historias sobre los juicios por delitos de lesa humanidad en Argentina
Rosario Figari Layús
2015

 

Resumen: Si bien se han publicado ya diversos libros sobre los juicios por los delitos de lesa humanidad cometidos durante la última dictadura militar en Argentina, el presente volumen busca darle voz a aquellos que, siendo protagonistas de los juicios, no suelen ser parte de las publicaciones más frecuentes: Sobrevivientes de centros clandestinos de detención, familiares de desaparecidos, activistas en derechos humanos y abogados. Sus relatos provienen de lugares como Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, La Plata, Rosario y Buenos Aires; y evidencian la diversidad de perspectivas y realidades que a veces se presentan como homogéneas. Los protagonistas de los juicios dan cuentan de la estigmatización que sufrieron los sobrevivientes y familiares de desaparecidos también en democracia. De la invisibilización de sus experiencias, de su condición de sujetos políticos en el pasado y en el presente. La importancia de los juicios para instalar verdades nuevas. Incorporar su testimonio significa complejizar la historia, introducir personas, lugares y luchas poco conocidas para el resto de la sociedad.

Sobrevivir a la muerte: Tortura de mujeres por policías y fuerzas armadas en México
Amnistía Internacional
2016


Resumen: Este informe reúne información que sugiere que la policía y las fuerzas armadas mexicanas someten a menudo a mujeres a tortura y otros malos tratos y que la violencia sexual es una práctica habitual durante el arresto y el interrogatorio. Fuertes golpes en el estómago, la cabeza y los oídos, amenazas de violación contra las mujeres y sus familias, semiasfixia, descargas eléctricas en los genitales, manoseo de los pechos y pellizcos en los pezones, violación con objetos, con los dedos, con armas de fuego y con el pene. Estas son sólo algunas de las formas de violencia infligidas a las mujeres. Amnistía Internacional entrevistó a un centenar de mujeres que habían denunciado haber sido sometidas a violencia durante su arresto, y concluyó que todas ellas describían algún tipo de acoso sexual o abuso psicológico, incluidas amenazas e insultos misóginos y sexualizados. Setenta y dos mujeres afirmaron haber sufrido actos de violencia sexual en el momento del arresto o en las horas siguientes.

Derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas en México
Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos
2015


Resumen: El presente documento muestra que los pueblos y las personas indígenas constituyen uno de los sectores de la sociedad mexicana que requiere mayor atención para su desarrollo económico, político, social y cultural, así como para recibir un trato digno, eliminando la discriminación a la que permanentemente se enfrentan. Por ello, es necesario construir en el país una cultura de respeto, tanto a sus derechos individuales como a los que adquieren como miembros de una comunidad: El disfrute pleno de sus derechos, como lo queremos para todos los mexicanos.


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